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Small Group Research
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Exploring Traditional and Virtual Team Members’ "Best Practices"

A Social Cognitive Theory Perspective

D. Sandy Staples

Queen’s University

Jane Webster

Queen’s University

Social cognitive theory is used to develop a research model that was tested by examining employees’ experiences of being a member in a traditional or virtual team. A self-efficacy for teamwork measure was developed based on best practices identified through case studies and existing literature. Then a survey of team members demonstrated that self-efficacy for teamwork is influenced by fellow team members’ modeling practices and relates strongly to a team member’s perceptions of effectiveness. Differential outcomes for traditional and two types of technology-supported virtual teams (distributed and hybrid) were found: Self-efficacy for teamwork was more important in virtual teams, providing empirical support for the importance of the best practices in this context.

Key Words: team effectiveness • virtual teams • hybrid teams • teamwork self-efficacy • modeling and coaching

Small Group Research, Vol. 38, No. 1, 60-97 (2007)
DOI: 10.1177/1046496406296961
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This article has been cited by other articles:


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 Small Group ResearchHome page
S. K. Johnson, K. Bettenhausen, and E. Gibbons
Realities of Working in Virtual Teams: Affective and Attitudinal Outcomes of Using Computer-Mediated Communication
Small Group Research, December 1, 2009; 40(6): 623 - 649.
[Abstract] [PDF]

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 Small Group ResearchHome page
N. C. Romano Jr., P. B. Lowry, and T. L. Roberts
Technology-Supported Small Group Interaction: Extending a Tradition of Leading Research for Virtual Teams and Global Organizations
Small Group Research, February 1, 2007; 38(1): 3 - 11.
[PDF]