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Getting a Clue
The Effects of Communication Media and Information Distribution on Participation and Performance in Computer-Mediated and Face-to-Face Groups
Susan G. Straus
Carnegie Mellon Unhiversity
Computer-mediated communication (CMC) has been viewed as overcoming process losses in groups by fostering equal particpation in discussions. This study examines antecedents of participation and tests the hypothesis that the benefit of the equalization effect depends on how information is distributed within the group. Fifty-four 3-person groups worked on a problem-solving task either in computer conferences or inface-to-face meetings. Additional pieces of information (clues) were distributed equally across members orto single members. In contrast to ideas that electronic communication reduces inhibitions, participation in CMC was associated with individual differences in extraversion. In addition; despite more equal participation in CMC, individuals dondated in both media. Media had few effects on information sharing or performance, although CMC groups were less satisfied with the process. Results of this and other studies of group problem solving suggest that patterms of interaction andperformance in computer-mediated groups do not depart substantiallyfrom face-to-face groups, although CMC may introduce new process losses.
Small Group Research, Vol. 27, No. 1,
115-142 (1996)
DOI: 10.1177/1046496496271006
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